Studies show that γ-MSH binds to melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R).
The α-MSH peptide can also bind to MC4R and help maintain the correct energy balance. The correct balance is important to control eating and weight. Signaling through this receptor in the brain helps maintain the balance between energy from food taken into the body and energy spent by the body. The β-MSH peptide plays a role in weight regulation by binding to melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). This attachment stimulates the production and release of a pigment called melanin, which is the substance that gives skin and hair their color. The primary role of α-MSH is in the pigment-producing cells of the skin and hair (melanocytes), where it binds to melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Three similar peptides called alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormones (α-, β-, and γ-MSH) are also cut from the POMC protein. This hormone helps maintain blood sugar levels, protects the body from stress, and stops (suppresses) inflammation. ACTH binds to melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), stimulating the release of a hormone called cortisol. One peptide produced from the POMC protein is called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The peptides attach (bind) to one of several proteins in different regions of the body, and this binding triggers signaling pathways that control many important functions. The POMC gene provides instructions for making a protein called proopiomelanocortin (POMC), which is cut (cleaved) into smaller pieces called peptides that have different functions in the body.
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